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Corrugated cardboard is a
completely natural product made from plentiful,
sustainable materials.
Modern corrugated cardboard consists of liners,
or outer flat sheets resistant to puncture with
a central filling of corrugated short-fiber
paper, also called fluted paper or the “medium.”
It resists compression and provides cushioning
protection. The liner and medium are glued
together with starch adhesive on the valleys and
peaks of each flute.
The starch adhesive is made from potatoes,
wheat, or corn. Corrugated cardboard is a
completely natural product made from plentiful,
sustainable materials. It is biodegradable,
recyclable, and reusable. Old corrugated cases
serve as a source of fiber for developing
countries to use in making paper and packaging
materials. They are compressed and baled for
economical transport.
Cardboard is strong along the flutes, which
normally run vertically for stacking strength.
The stackability of a corrugated cardboard box
is determined by the Edge Crush Test (ECT).
Formerly a “bursting strength” test was given.
Common flute sizes are A, B, C, and E. There is
also the microflute. Flute size consists of the
measurable thickness of the cardboard (liner+medium+liner).
Double- and triple-wall corrugated cardboard is
made for heavy industrial applications.
Microflute is used for fine packaging, such as
boxes for perfumes, spirits, and jewelry.
Paper made from short-fiber hardwood pulp can be
readily molded with moisture and heat, and it
has good compression strength, but it tears
easily. Paper made from softwoods, which have
longer fibers, resists tearing. Less moldable,
it tends to keep its shape and makes a better
printing surface.
Corrugated cardboard is made on corrugators, or
high-precision machinery lines. Different kinds
of “converting” machinery may be used for making
and printing boxes. A box factory can easily be
started up with simple, even antique, equipment
and upgraded as demand increases. Corrugated
boxes are generally shipped flat to customers
for economy and ease of transport. They may be
put together, filled, and closed at a packing
station.
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